TC4鈦棒軋制過程中黑條缺陷的成因!
TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)是一種綜合性(xing)能(neng)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)馬(ma)氏a/3型(xing)兩相(xiang)鈦合金(jin),使用(yong)(yong)溫(wen)度(du)可達450。廣(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)航空工業的(de)重要結(jie)構件,如機翼(yi)葉片、航空發(fa)動機輪盤等。由于(yu)TC4鈦棒為兩相(xiang)鈦合金(jin),如果微(wei)觀(guan)區(qu)域(yu)成分不均(jun)勻,必然(ran)導致(zhi)宏(hong)觀(guan)組(zu)織和微(wei)觀(guan)結(jie)構異(yi)常(chang)(chang),從而(er)導致(zhi)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)區(qu)域(yu)與正常(chang)(chang)區(qu)域(yu)的(de)硬度(du)存在(zai)顯(xian)著差異(yi),使材(cai)料(liao)整體表現出不均(jun)勻的(de)性(xing)能(neng),最終導致(zhi)疲勞裂紋(wen)源(yuan),給零件的(de)安全帶(dai)來極大(da)隱患,降低合金(jin)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命。針對某TC4鈦合金(jin)棒材(cai)產品(pin)低倍檢(jian)驗中(zhong)發(fa)現的(de)黑色條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)缺陷(xian),為準確判斷缺陷(xian)類型(xing),采用(yong)(yong)金(jin)相(xiang)顯(xian)微(wei)鏡觀(guan)察(cha)金(jin)相(xiang)組(zu)織,確定(ding)金(jin)相(xiang)組(zu)織異(yi)常(chang)(chang)區(qu)域(yu)。然(ran)后用(yong)(yong)掃描電鏡分析(xi)(xi)(xi)了黑色條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)區(qu)富鉬貧鋁(lv)的(de)化學成分偏(pian)(pian)析(xi)(xi)(xi)缺陷(xian)。通過(guo)顯(xian)微(wei)硬度(du)測試(shi),確定(ding)黑色條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)區(qu)域(yu)的(de)成分偏(pian)(pian)析(xi)(xi)(xi)是非脆性(xing)偏(pian)(pian)析(xi)(xi)(xi)。
實驗結果表明,根據上(shang)述方法可(ke)以(yi)有效(xiao)地確定TC4鈦(tai)合(he)金的(de)成(cheng)分偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)析(xi)(xi)及(ji)其類(lei)型(xing)。并且確定這(zhe)種類(lei)型(xing)的(de)缺陷(xian)不會影響(xiang)使用,并且可(ke)以(yi)在移除(chu)(chu)后交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)。通(tong)過控制鈦(tai)合(he)金鑄錠原(yuan)料的(de)選擇、材料混合(he)、電(dian)極制備和(he)熔(rong)煉過程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian)流,可(ke)以(yi)減少(shao)或消(xiao)除(chu)(chu)此類(lei)缺陷(xian)。鈦(tai)合(he)金的(de)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)析(xi)(xi)根據偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)析(xi)(xi)部位與正(zheng)常區硬度(du)的(de)不同(tong),可(ke)分為硬偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)析(xi)(xi)(硬度(du)高(gao)于正(zheng)常區,也叫脆(cui)(cui)性(xing)(xing)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)析(xi)(xi))和(he)軟偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)析(xi)(xi)(硬度(du)低于正(zheng)常區,也叫非脆(cui)(cui)性(xing)(xing)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)析(xi)(xi))。如果產品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)只有非脆(cui)(cui)性(xing)(xing)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)析(xi)(xi),且所有性(xing)(xing)能符合(he)產品(pin)標準要求,則在偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)析(xi)(xi)消(xiao)除(chu)(chu)后,產品(pin)仍可(ke)交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)使用。脆(cui)(cui)性(xing)(xing)離析(xi)(xi)不允許拆除(chu)(chu)后交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu),應分批丟(diu)棄。
A.對于目測發現的TC4鈦棒黑色條紋缺陷,通過金相顯微鏡觀察組織,缺陷區域與正常區域差別不大,無法判斷缺陷類型;此外,通過掃描電子顯微鏡分析鈦棒(bang)的(de)缺陷(xian)區(qu)域的(de)化學成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen),發現缺陷(xian)區(qu)域是富(fu)(fu)含重且(qie)貧鋁的(de)化學元素偏(pian)析(xi)(xi)。最后結合顯(xian)微(wei)硬度測試,確定TC4鈦棒(bang)的(de)偏(pian)析(xi)(xi)類(lei)型為富(fu)(fu)鋁貧鋁的(de)非脆性偏(pian)析(xi)(xi)。通過(guo)顯(xian)微(wei)組(zu)織(zhi)觀察、微(wei)區(qu)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)和顯(xian)微(wei)硬度測試,可(ke)以有效(xiao)地確定TC4鈦合金(jin)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)偏(pian)析(xi)(xi)及其類(lei)型。
B.TC4鈦合(he)金棒材(cai)中的(de)偏析為富(fu)重(zhong)貧鋁的(de)非脆性偏析,不影(ying)響使用(yong),切割后(hou)可(ke)連續輸送(song);通過(guo)控制原(yuan)料選擇、混(hun)合(he)和電(dian)極制備參數以及熔煉過(guo)程中的(de)電(dian)壓和電(dian)流,可(ke)以減少(shao)或消除這種缺陷。